Lagorchestes leporides (Gould, 1841:93)
Eastern hare wallaby, Eastern hare-wallaby, Brown hare-wallaby, Brown hare wallaby (Brazenor, 1950:46), Hare-wallaby (Wood Jones, 1924:222), Hare wallaby (Krefft, 1866:20), Common hare-wallaby (archaic), Hare-like kangaroo (Waterhouse, 1841:204), turatt (Murray-Darling aboriginal name) (see Krefft, 1866:20)
Taxonomy & Nomenclature
Synonym/s: Macropus leporides Gould, 1841:93 (basionym); Macropus leporoïdes Gould, 1841:93; Lagorchestes leporoïdes Gould, 1841:93; Lagorchestes leporoides Gould, 1841:93 (orthographic error, used by Krefft, 1871:4); Largoehestes leporides (orthographic error; used by Dawson, 1985:67); Lagorchestes gymnotis Blyth, 1859:276
Conservation Status
Extinct
Last record: 1889 (Johnson, 2006:169; Lee et al., 2017; Strahan & Eldridge, 2023:355); 1890 (Marlow, 1958; Calaby, 1971; Poole, 1979:16; Fisher & Blomberg, 2012)
IUCN RedList status: Extinct
The species is only known historically from Victoria by two specimens collected from Mt. Hope, Northern Plains (Bennett et al., 2006), but may have also occurred in the Mallee region (Williams, 1995). The last specimen was collected in 1890 from north of Booligal, New South Wales (Poole, 1979:16).
Distribution
New South Wales, South Australia (far south-eastern), Tasmanian (prehistorically; Mannalargenna Cave, Prime Seal Island, Furneaux Islands, Tasmania (Brown, 1993)) & Victoria (north-western), Australia
Type locality: "Interior of Australia (=N.S.W.)" (Calaby & Richardson 1988:62)
Anatomy & Morphology
Body mass: 3000gm (Johnson, 2006:169).
Biology & Ecology
"Ecology: temperate, terrestrial, folivore."
(Calaby & Richardson 1988:62)
Hypodigm
Lectotype: BMNH 1841.1128 (adult female; skin & skull) (designated by Thomas, 1922:128; Calaby & Richardson, 1988:62)
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, has one specimen:
MCZ 1880 (skin and skull; sex unspecified)
Merseyside County Museums, Liverpool, has three specimens:
MCM D207a (ss; adult female)
MCM D564 (sk; adult female)
MCM D564a (sk; juvenile female)
Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali of Torino, Italy:
MZUT T514 (mount; unsexed adult) (Ghiraldi et al., 2021)
MZUT T515 (mount; unsexed adult) (Ghiraldi et al., 2021)
MZUT T516 (mount; unsexed adult) (Ghiraldi et al., 2021)
Western Australian Museum, Perth:
WAM 2657 (Kitchener & Vicker, 1981:52)
South Australian Museum:
SAM M7 (Tunbridge, 1991:13)
Media
References
Original scientific description:
Gould, John. (1841). On five new species of kangaroos. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1840: 92-94. [April 1841]
Other references:
Abbott, I. 2002. Origin and spread of the cat, Felis catus, on mainland Australia, with a discussion on the magnitude of its early impact on native fauna. Wildlife Research 29: 51-74.
"An Old Bushman" [Morton, William Lockhart]. (1861). Notes of a tour in the Wimmera District. The Yoeman, and Australian Acclimatizer 1. ["paddy(-)melons" might refer to this species (Bennett et al. 2006)]
Anonymous. (1842). New species of kangaroos. Tasmanian Journal of Natural Science, Agriculture, Statistics, &c. 1(4): 300-303.
Australasian Mammal Assessment Workshop. (2008). Lagorchestes leporides. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Downloaded on 02 July 2011.
Bennett, Andrew F., Lumsden, Linda F. and Menkhorst, Peter W. (1989). Mammals of the mallee region of south-eastern Australia, pp. 191-220. In: Noble, J. and Bradstock, R. (eds.). Mediterranean Landscapes in Australia: Mallee Ecosytems and Their Management. CSIRO. [relevant reference?]
Bennett, Andrew F., Lumsden, Linda F. and Menkhorst, Peter W. (2006). Mammals of the Mallee Region, Victoria: past, present and future. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 118(2): 259-280.
Blyth, E. (1858). Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for May, 1858. J. Asiatic Soc. Beng. 27: 267-290 [276]. [year of publication given as 1859 by Thomas, 1888]
Boddy, A., McGowen, M., Sherwood, C., Grossman, L., Goodman, M., Wildman, D. (2012). Data from: Comparative analysis of encephalization in mammals reveals relaxed constraints on anthropoid primate and cetacean brain scaling. Dryad Digital Repository. doi: 10.5061/dryad.5kh0b362
Brazenor, C. W. (1950). The Mammals of Victoria: and the Dental Characteristics of Monotremes and Australian Marsupials (National Museum of Victoria Australia Handbook No. 1). Melbourne: Brown, Prior, Anderson. [p. 46]
Brown, S. (1993). Mannalargenna Cave: a Pleistocene site in Bass Strait. In: Smith, M., Spriggs, M., Fankhauser, B. (Eds.), Sahul in Review. Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, pp. 258-271.
Burbidge, A.A., McKenzie, N.L., Brennan, K.E.C., Woinarski, J. C. Z., Dickman, C. R., Baynes, A., Gordon, G., Menkhorst, P.W. and Robinson, A.C. 2009. Conservation status and biogeography of Australia’s terrestrial mammals. Australian Journal of Zoology 56: 411-422.
Burbidge, A.A. & Woinarski, J. 2016. Lagorchestes leporides. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T11163A21954274. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T11163A21954274.en. Accessed on 20 June 2022.
Calaby, J. H. (1971). The current status of Australian Macropodidae. Australian Zoology 16: 17-31.
Calaby, J. H. and Richardson, B. J. (1988). Macropodidae, pp. 60-80. In: Walton, D. W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 5. Mammalia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. x + 273 pp. [p. 62]
Dawson, Lyndall. (1985). Marsupial fossils from Wellington Caves, New South Wales; the historic and scientific significance of the collections in the Australia Museum, Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum 37(2): 55-69.
Day, David. (1981). The Doomsday Book of Animals: A Natural History of Vanished Species. New York, N.Y.: The Viking Press.
DEECA [Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action]. (2023). Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Threatened List: June 2023. Published report by The State of Victoria Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Melbourne, Victoria.
Dickman, C.R. 1996. Overview of the impacts of feral cats on Australian native fauna. Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra.
Duncan, F. M. (1937). On the dates of publication of the Society's "Proceedings," 1859–1926. With an appendix containing the dates of publication of "Proceedings," 1830–1858 compiled by the late F.H. Waterhouse, and of the "Transactions," 1833–1869, by the late Henry Peavot, originally published in P.Z.S. 1893, 1913. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1937: 71-84.
Ellis, Murray and Henle, Klaus. (1988). The mammals of Kinchega National Park western New South Wales. Australian Zoologist 25(1): 1-5.
Fisher, Clem T. (1984). Australasian mammal specimens in the collections of the Merseyside County Museums. Australian Mammalogy 7(4): 205-213.
Fisher, Diana O. and Blomberg, Simon P. (2012). Inferring Extinction of Mammals from Sighting Records, Threats, and Biological Traits. Conservation Biology 26(1): 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01797.x
Flannery, Timothy. (1990). Australia's Vanishing Mammals: Endangered and Extinct Native Species. Sydney: RD Press. 192 pp.
Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E. (2013). Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica 145: 1-130. [1.598-3 kg estimate]
Frith, H. J. (1979). Wildlife Conservation, revised edition. Angus & Robertson. xiv + 416 pp. [p. 108, pl. 55 (between p. 258/259), p. 295, p. 304 (species account)]
Ghiraldi, Luca et al. (2021). Revised catalogue of monotremes and marsupials in the historic mammal collection housed at Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali of Torino, Italy. Bonn zoological Bulletin 70(1): 1-14.
Goodwin, Harry A. and Goodwin, J. M. (1973). List of mammals which have become extinct or are possibly extinct since 1600. Int. Union Conserv. Nat. Occas. Pap. 8: 1-20.
Gould, John. (1863). The Mammals of Australia. London: Taylor & Francis.
Gray, John Edward. (1843). List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. London, The Trustees.
Harper, Francis. (1945). Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Old World. New York, USA: American Committee for International Wild Life Protection.
Haswell, W. A. (1914). The Mammals, pp. 287-293. In: British Association for the Advancement of Science. 1914. Handbook for New South Wales. Sydney: New South Wales Committee.
Helgen, Kristofer M. and Veatch, E. G. (2015). Recently extinct Australian marsupials and monotremes, pp. 17-31. In: Wilson, D. E. and Mittermeier, R. A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Volume 5. Monotremes and Marsupials. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
Hope, J. H., R. J. Lampert, E. Edmondson, M. J. Smith, and G. F. Van Tets. (1977). Late Pleistocene faunal remains from Seton rock shelter, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Journal of Biogeography 4: 363-385.
Hoser, Raymond T. (1991). Endangered Animals of Australia. Mosman, NSW: Pierson & Co. 240 pp. [pp. 208]
Iredale, Tom and Troughton, Ellis Le Geyt. (1934). A check-list of the mammals recorded from Australia. Mem. Aust. Mus. 6: i-xii, 1-122.
Jackson, Stephen and Groves, Colin. (2015). Taxonomy of Australian Mammals. Clayton South, Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing. 529 pp. [p. 152]
Janis, Christine M. (1990). Correlation of cranial and dental variables with dietary preferences in mammals: a comparison of macropodoids and ungulates. Mem. Qd. Mus. 28(1): 349-366.
Johnson, Chris N. (2006). Australia's Mammal Extinctions: A 50 000 Year History. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. x + 278 pp. [pl. 23, p. 169, p. 177]
Kinnear, J., Sumner, N.R. and Onus, M.L. 2002. The red fox in Australia—an exotic predator turned biocontrol agent. Biological Conservation 108: 335-359.
Kirsch, J. A. W., and J. H. Calaby. 1977. The species of living marsupials: An annotated list. Pp. 9-26, in The biology of marsupials (B. Stonehouse and D. Gilmore, eds.). University Park Press, Baltimore, 486 pp.
Kitchener, D. J. and Vicker, E. (1981). Catalogue of Modern Mammals in the Western Australian Museum 1895 to 1981. Perth: Western Australian Museum. 184 pp.
Krefft, Gerard. (1864). Catalogue of Mammalia in the Collection of the Australian Museum. Sydney: Australian Museum.
Krefft, Gerard. (1866). On the vertebrated animals of the lower Murray and Darling, their habits, economy, and geographical distribution. Transactions of the Philosophical Society of New South Wales 1862-1865: 1-33.
Krefft, Gerard. (1871). The Mammals of Australia, Illustrated by Harriett Scott and Helena Forde for the Council of Education ; With a Short Account of All the Species Hitherto Described. Sydney: Thomas Richards, Government Printer.
Lee, T. E., Fisher, D. O., Blomberg, S. P. and Wintle, B. A. (2017). Extinct or still out there? Disentangling influences on extinction and rediscovery helps to clarify the fate of species on the edge. Global Change Biology 23(2): 621-634. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13421
Lucas, Arthur Henry Shakespeare and Le Souëf, William Henry Dudley. (1909). The Animals of Australia: Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians. Melbourne: Whitcombe and Tombs.
Lundelius, Ernest L. Jr. and Turnbull, W. D. (1989). The mammalian fauna of Madura Cave, Western Australia. Part VII: Macropodidae: Sthenurinae, Macropodinae, with a review of the marsupial portion of the fauna. Fieldiana, Geology, new series 17: 1-71.
Marlow, B. J. (1958). A survey of the marsupials of New South Wales. CSIRO Wildl. Res. 3: 71-114. [Abstract]
Marshall, L. G. (1973). The Lake Victoria local fauna: A late Pleistocene-Holocene fauna from Lake Victoria, southwestern New South Wales, Australia. M. A. thesis, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Maxwell, S., Burbidge, A.A. and Morris, K. 1996. The 1996 Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes. Australasian Marsupial and Monotreme Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.
McDowell, M. C., Baynes, A., Medlin, G. C. and Prideaux, G. J. (2012). The impact of European colonization on the late-Holocene non-volant mammals of Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. The Holocene 22(12): 1441-1450.
McNamara, J. C. (1997). Some smaller macropod fossils of South Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 117: 97-106.
Menkhorst, Peter W. (2009). Blandowski’s mammals: Clues to a lost world. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 121(1): 61-89.
Menkhorst, Peter W. and Beardsell, C. M. (1982). Mammals of southwestern Victoria from the Little Desert to the coast. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 94: 221-247. [relevant citation?]
Ogilby, J. Douglas. (1892). Catalogue of Australian Mammals, with Introductory Notes on General Mammalogy. Australian Museum, Sydney: Catalogue No. 16: viii + 142 pp.
Ovington, D. (1978). Australian Endangered Species. Australia: Cassell.
Pledge, Neville S. (1990). The Upper Fossil Fauna of the Henschke Fossil Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum (Proceedings of the De Vis Symposium) 28(1): 247-262.
Poole, W. E. (1979). The status of the Australian Macropodidae, pp. 13-27. In: Tyler, Michael J. (ed.). The Status of Endangered Australasian Wildlife. Adelaide: Royal Zoological Society of South Australia.
Prideaux, G. J., R. G. Roberts, D. Megirian, K. E. Westaway, J. C. Hellstrom, and J. M. Olley. (2007). Mammalian responses to Pleistocene climate change in southeastern Australia. Geology 35: 33-36.
Reed, Elizabeth H. and Bourne, Steven J. (2000). Pleistocene fossil vertebrate sites of the south east region of South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 124(2): 61-90.
Reed, Elizabeth H. and Bourne, Steven J. (2009). Pleistocene Fossil Vertebrate Sites of the South East Region of South Australia II. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 133(1): 30-40.
Ride, W. D. L. (1970). A Guide to the Native Mammals of Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Roache, M. 2011. The action plan for threatened Australian macropods. WWF-Australia, Sydney.
Seebeck, John Hilary. (1995). Terrestrial mammals in Victoria–a history of discovery. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 107(1): 11-23.
Short, J. 1998. The extinction of rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia: Potoroidae) in New South Wales, Australia. Biological Conservation 86: 365-377.
Strahan, Ronald. (1983). The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
Strahan, Ronald. (1988). Eastern Hare-wallaby, p. 196. In: Strahan, Ronald (ed.). The Complete Book of Australian Mammals, 2nd edn. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
Strahan, Ronald. (1995). Eastern Hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes leporides, pp. 319-320. In: Strahan, Ronald (ed.). The Mammals of Australia. Chatswood, N.S.W.: Reed Books. 756 pp.
Strahan, R. (2008). Eastern Hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes leporides. In: S. Van Dyck and R. Strahan (eds), The mammals of Australia. Third Edition, pp. 320-321. Reed New Holland, Sydney, Australia.
Strahan, Ronald M. and Eldridge, M. D. B. (2023). Eastern Hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes leporides, pp. 354-355. In: Baker, Andrew M. and Gynther, Ian C. (eds.). Strahan’s Mammals of Australia (4th ed.). Wahroonga, NSW: Reed New Holland Publishers. 848 pp.
Tedford, R. H. (1967). The fossil Macropodidae from Lake Menindee, New South Wales. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 64: 1-156.
Theden-Ringl, Fenja et al. (2020). Characterizing Environmental Change and Species’ Histories from Stratified Faunal Records in Southeastern Australia: A Regional Review and a Case Study for the Early to Middle Holocene. Records of the Australian Museum 72(5): 207-223.
Thomas, Oldfield. (1888). Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). London: British Museum (Natural History). xiii + 401 pp, including 33 pls.
Thomas, Oldfield. (1922). A selection of lectotypes of the typical Australian marsupials in the British Museum collection. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 10: 127-128.
Thornback, Jane and Jenkins, Martin (compilers). (1982). The IUCN Mammal Red Data Book. Part 1: Threatened Mammalian Taxa of the Americas and the Australasian Zoogeographic Region (Excluding Cetacea). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 516 pp.
Troughton, Ellis Le Geyt. (1941). Furred Animals of Australia. Sydney: Angus and Robertson Ltd.
Tunbridge, Dorothy. (1991). The Story of the Flinders Ranges Mammals. Kenthurst: Kangaroo Press. 96 pp. [p. 13, p. 19, p. 59 (species account)]
Turvey, Samuel T. (2009). Holocene mammal extinctions, pp. 41-61. In: Turvey, Samuel T. (ed.). Holocene Extinctions. Oxford, UK & New York, USA: Oxford University Press. xii + 352 pp.
Turvey, Samuel T. and Fritz, Susanne A. (2011). The ghosts of mammals past: biological and geographical patterns of global mammalian extinction across the Holocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 366(1577): 2564-2576. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0020 [Supplementary Information]
Wakefield, Norman Arthur. (1964). Recent mammalian sub-fossils of the basalt plains of Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. New series 77(2): 419-425.
Wakefield, Norman A. (1966a). Mammals of the Blandowski Expedition to north-western Victoria, 1856–57. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 79(2): 371-391.
Wakefield, Norman A. (1966b). Mammals recorded for the mallee, Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 79(2): 627-636.
Wakefield, Norman A. (1967). Preliminary report on McEachern's Cave, S.W. Victoria. The Victorian Naturalist 84(12): 363-383.
Wakefield, N. A. (1974). "Mammals of Western Victoria". p. 35 in: Proceedings of Symposium the Natural History of Western Victoria (eds. M.H. Douglas and L. O'Brien, Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci.).
Waterhouse, George Robert. (1841). Marsupialia, or Pouched Animals (Mammalia, vol. XI). In: Jardine, William (ser. ed.). The Naturalist's Library (vol. XXIV). Edinburgh: W.H. Lizars / London: Henry G. Bohn. xvi + 324 pp.
Waterhouse, George Robert. (1846). A Natural History of the Mammalia. Volume 1, Containing the Order Marsupiata or Pouched Animals. London: Hippolyte Baillière. 553 pp + 20 pls.
Williams, L. M. (1995). Eastern Hare-wallaby Lagorchestes leporides (Gould, 1841), pp. 135. In: Menkhorst, P. W. (ed.). Mammals of Victoria: Distribution, Ecology and Conservation. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Wilson, D. E. and Reeder, D. M. (2005). Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Third edition. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
Woinarski, John C. Z., Braby, M. F., Burbidge, A. A., Coates, D., Garnett, S. T., Fensham, R. J., Legge, S. M., McKenzie, N. L., Silcock, J L. and Murphy, B. P. (2019). Reading the black book: The number, timing, distribution and causes of listed extinctions in Australia. Biological Conservation 239: 108261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108261
Wood Jones, Frederic. (1924). The Mammals of South Australia. Part II. The Bandicoots and the Herbivorous Marsupials (The syndactylous Didelphia). Adelaide: Government Printer. 2: 132-270 [222-223]. [8 August 1924]
ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/reposit/2007/2007016.pdf
https://archive.org/stream/MemoirsQueensla28Quee#page/364/mode/2up
https://extinctanimals.proboards.com/thread/6284/lagorchestes-leporides-eastern-hare-wallaby